How is the maximum range in radar systems characterized?

The maximum range in radar systems is characterized by the distance a radar signal can travel before returning to the receiver, which can be calculated based on the time it takes for the signal to travel to the target and back. This involves understanding the speed of the radar wave, which in a vacuum or air is approximately equal to the speed of light, about 299,792 kilometers per second.

The method describes using the elapsed time of the radar signal returning to calculate the distance; specifically, using the fact that the radar wave travels to the target and back, effectively doubling the travel time. The factor of 12.36 microseconds is derived from the speed of light, where the distance traveled by the signal in that time span corresponds to a certain range limit.

This calculation reflects the practical aspect of radar operation where accurately determining distance is essential for effective tracking or target identification. Other options such as carrier frequency, flat range resolution, and leading accuracy pertain to different characteristics and parameters of radar systems but do not directly address the fundamental method of calculating maximum range in terms of distance and time.